times about the direction of bugles on the badge. Dispatch Recruit . service. Within each bureau, there are divisions. The items used in the old days of firefighting initiative combines industry-leading health and safety standards with virtual technologies designed to keep real estate moving forward, and give our employees, customers and partners confidence and support to stay safe. Im Mike, Im a full time firefighter/paramedic and the founder of FirefighterNOW. does it? (Ex-, (E302) - 2002 Pierce Dash 2000 aerial (-/-/100' rear-mount ladder) (SN#12838-??) He's a leader but does have his own demons to deal with. CHICAGO The Chicago Fire Department's rank and file fails to reflect the diversity of the city it serves and City Council's Black Caucus wants to change that. Decontamination (Decon.) then the battalion chief could have up to four crossed bugles. Captain. Retired fire Capt. The Bureau Of Administrative Services is commanded by a Deputy Fire Commissioner. The design depends on the hierarchy in the department and the number of other officers between them and the fire chief. Some probationary firefighters may hope that they will get problem with the use of the term bugle to describe the instruments used both were actually speaking trumpets. So its not about strength, its about will.. the name, with its role in communications and as a status symbol in the The department of nearly 4,800 uniformed members currently has 721 Black employees, which represents 15%. The early "fire society" or "fire brigade" was an association of local citizens banded together for the purpose of protecting community lives and property. link to 11 Things You Should NEVER Do In A Fire, link to What Is "Jobtown"? calls would always stay in possession of the officer in charge. useful when dealing with potentially violent members of the public or are trumpets rather than bugles and, yes, we will debate the correct term for a The NBC television show Chicago Fire, centers on a group of fictional firefighters and paramedics at a firehouse that is the headquarters of the fictitious Engine Company 51, Truck Company 81, Rescue Squad Company 3, Battalion Chief 25 and Ambulance 61 (represented by the headquarters for real Engine Company 18). Currently (10/22), there is no Deputy District Chief or District Chief assigned to Airport Operations. Firemen are our heroes, Curtis said. TI Positions & Ranks | Los Angeles Fire Department. Were there to save your life and everybody knows it. operation in the blink of an eye and everyone needs to adapt in a safe, The Chicago Fire Department (or CFD) provides fire suppression and emergency medical services to the city of Chicago, Illinois under the Mayor of Chicago's jurisdiction. Wiley-Earls uses the lessons of her 30-year career to help instruct and hopefully inspire the young men and women attending the fire brigades training course that has produced 460 graduates who earned a state paramedics license and are working for fire departments and ambulance companies. But, from there, it can get a bit confusing. Asterisk (*) adjacent to company number denotes an Advanced Life Support (Paramedic staffed) Company. status symbols go, it does help to have something big and loud that you can District 3 has a pool of Spare Apparatus that are kept at the respective AMC's (Airport Maintenance Complex) which are located at each airport. Collar Insignia SET (15/16") DOUBLE BUGLE (GOLD) MSRP: $16.99 $12.74 Captain Bar Collar Insignia (gold) MSRP: $7.99 $7.14 Hookfast Collar Insignia QS-3324 (Fire Dept) MSRP: $13.50 $11.27 Hookfast Collar Insignia QS-3405 (Chief) MSRP: $13.50 $11.27 Collar Insignia Set (15/16") 5-Crossed Bugle (Gold) MSRP: $16.99 Every In most municipalities, civil service exams determine all but the highest two ranks, i.e., all but positions 9 and 10: Volunteer firefighter Probationary firefighter Firefighter/EMT Firefighter/Paramedic Driver Engineer Lieutenant Captain Battalion Chief Assistant Chief Fire . 1958 the Chicago Park District Police Department is disbanded and absorbed into the Chicago Police Department. Rank Name Job Title Salary; 1: Jose A Santiago: Fire Commissioner: $ 202,728: 2: Charles Stewart: First Deputy Fire Commissioner: $ 188,316: 3: Richard C Ford: . They were the tools of commanding officers only. it was little more than a functional tool and there was the potential for Carl Grissom (Commissioner)[1]Gloria Hill (Deputy Commissioner). The Bureau of Fire Prevention is commanded by a Deputy Commissioner. Firefighter Shift Schedules and Working Hours Explained, https://www.nycfiremuseum.org/history_colonial.cfm, https://www.fasnyfiremuseum.com/content/Collections/fire_equipment_.asp. A real speaking Chicago Fire's Firehouse 51 (Engine 51, Truck 81, Squad 3, Ambulance 61) is rich in history and protects 2 pre-Great Chicago Fire landmarks. The Fire Commissioner is appointed by the Mayor of Chicago. The CFD's Dispatch Center, the locales of the Main Fire Alarm Office (Main F.A.O.) The Fire Suppression and Rescue Division is organized into 5 Districts which command a total of 24 Battalions and 1 Special Operations Battalion. Fire Engineering Books & Video. The following apparatus are at the ORD facility: Engine 9-S/Engine 10-S/6-5-11/6-5-13/6-5-15/AVF-006 [Spare Battalion]/AVF-106 & AVF-107 [Spare Ambulances]/Spare Squad [used by Squad-7 & 5-1-2 if needed]. It is also one of the oldest major organized fire departments in the nation. Although he has not been seen since Season 7, it is never addressed or confirmed that there is a new Commissioner so is it assumed it is still him. Built 1930, closed 1959. Chicago's first volunteer company was organized in 1835. 8-8-16 (Mass Casualty Unit) 0000000776 00000 n The Bureau of Administration commands the following Divisions: Personnel, Training, the Photo Unit, and the Employee Assistance Program. Some of these tales may be exaggerated for effect. Hispanic representation is higher at 18%. Exhibited professional skill and conduct during a coordinated fireground or administrative function. This spurred decades of dueling lawsuits between Black and white firefighters and applicants claiming racial bias and reverse discrimination. Units (6-2-4/6-2-5), 1 High-Expansion (Hi-Ex) Foam Unit (6-3-1), 3 Breathing Apparatus Service Bottle Trucks (6-4-4/6-4-5/6-4-6), 10 Airport ARFF Crash Rescue Trucks (6-5-1 Through 6-5-10), 6 Mass Casualty Units (8-8-12 Through 8-8-16), 4 Support Service Canteen Units (5-11 Club) (4-0-1 through 4-0-4), 3 Salvation Army Canteen Units (4-0-5/4-0-6/4-0-7), 1 Special Operations Specialty Extrication Equipment Unit (6-2-7), 80 Advanced Life Support (ALS) Ambulances, Engine 77 - 2010 - Disbanded to form 2nd Haz-Mat Company, This page was last edited on 1 February 2023, at 13:22. The "Washington Volunteers," the first fire company, was established in 1832. The 5th Fire District is commanded by a District Chief (2-1-25). see: . Disbanded 03/08/2004, re-organized as Truck 6. instead. Secondly, you must evaluate whether . Building still stands. Average Salaries - City of Chicago Fire Police Department Earnings March 21, 2017 - 1:56 am; Call Us: (312) 818-5515. Carmelita Wiley-Earlshas the deft touch of a velvet hammer, a mix thats part grandmother, part drill sergeant. There's information on fitness, gear, interviews, tests and more. When you get promoted through the ranks, it is an honor to earn a new badge that depicts this achieve and to wear it with pride. [2][3] 1st Deputy Fire Commissioner, Deputy Fire Commissioner, Assistant Deputy Fire Commissioner, District Chiefs, Deputy District Chiefs, and Assistant Deputy Chief Paramedics are appointed by the Fire Commissioner. At the time, Black and Hispanic employees comprised less than 5% of CFD uniformed personnel. It's also one of the oldest major organized fire departments, established before 1833. 0000006831 00000 n The COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, and are an important tool for ending the global pandemic. The departments most common rank, firefighter-EMT, had 277 Black employees compared with 796 white and 283 Hispanic, according to a personnel report from the citys office of public safety administration. . Support Unit (5-1-1a), 1 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) 0000030446 00000 n Bureau of Fire Prevention Central Area Office, Bureau of Fire Prevention North Area Office, Bureau of Fire Prevention West Area Office, Bureau of Fire Prevention South Area Office, Contract for engines, aerials, and platforms from E-One over the next 5 years (Feb. 19, 2019-Feb. 19, 2024). You see a guy in a uniform or on that truck, you look at him and think Maybe I can do it, too.. But these devices are a fairly modern idea. If we cant get them in the door, we cant make them engineers, lieutenants, captains on up the ranks.. From there, I will discuss some of the ways that youll be wearing bugles Two-way radios only made their way into all stations across the country in the 1950s. crew. . Chicago Fire Department cohesive manner. But at every turn, like most cities, we have been met with legal challenges from both sides, former MayorRichard M. Daleysaid in 2010 after the Supreme Court reinstated a ruling that the city erred in using a scoring system for a 1995 firefighter test that eliminated a large number of minority candidates. The 3rd Fire District/Airport Operations Division has One Battalion and the 4th Fire District has Five Battalions. JEMS Con. speaking trumpet. Used as Engine 67 and Engine 77 during Season 5 Episode 14 of NBC's Chicago Fire. and the Englewood Fire Alarm Office (Englewood F.A.O.) Members involved in the successful resuscitation efforts of a pulseless patient. I hope you find what you're looking for. Kelly Severide is the token heartthrob of Chicago Fire. The following is a list of ranks within MFD by order of lowest-level employee to senior command staff: Fire Suppression and Emergency Medical Services Firefighter HEO (Heavy Equipment Operator) Paramedic Fire/EMS Lieutenant Fire/EMS Captain Positions appointed by Fire Chief Assistant Chief Deputy Chief Battalion Chief alone. [10], Quarters of Engine 38, Truck 48, and Ambulance 77 in the North Lawndale area. has the most bugles on their uniform. 0000004705 00000 n presentation trumpet with much more intricate detail and designs. Reveal contacts of top Chicago Fire Department managers and employees. The headquarters of the Chicago Fire Department is located at 3510 S. Michigan Ave. Halotron 1), (B602) - 2016 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-Deputy Commissioner 2-1-6), (B600) - 2016 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-District Chief 2-1-32), (B595) - 2016 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-District Chief 2-1-25, ex-Deputy Commissioner 2-1-8), (B593) - 2016 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-District Chief 2-1-24, ex-Spare buggy), (B588) - 2016 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-District Chief 2-1-22, ex-District Chief 2-1-31), (B587) - 2016 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-District Chief 2-1-25), (B586) - 2016 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-1, (B568) - 2014 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-, (B567) - 2014 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-, (B566) - 2014 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-, (B563) - 2014 Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Ex-Deputy Chief Paramedic 4-4-3), (B554) - 2012 Chevrolet Suburban (Ex-Commissioner spare buggy, ex-, (C252) - 2018 Ram 3500 / Wheeled Coach (Ex-, (C233) - 2017 Ford E-450 / Wheeled Coach (Ex-, (C203) - 2015 Ford E-450 / Wheeled Coach (Ex-, (C198) - 2014 Ford E-450 / Wheeled Coach (Ex-, (C197) - 2014 Ford E-450 / Wheeled Coach (Ex-, (C193) - 2014 Ford E-450 / Wheeled Coach (Ex-, (C186) - 2014 Ford E-450 / Wheeled Coach (Ex-, (D606) - 2002 Spartan Gladiator FF MFD / Luverne pumper (1500/500) (Ex-, (D578) - 2001 Spartan Gladiator FF MFD / Luverne pumper (1500/500) (Ex-, (D565) - 1998 HME 1871-SFO / Luverne pumper (1500/500) (Ex-, (D564) - 1998 HME 1871-SFO / Luverne pumper (1500/500) (Ex-, (D562) - 1998 HME 1871-SFO / Luverne pumper (1500/500) (Ex-, (D552) - 1997 HME 1871-SFO / Luverne pumper (1500/500) (Ex-, (E350) - 2014 Spartan ERV Gladiator Classic LFD aerial (-/-/103' rear-mount ladder) (SO#213115-01) (Ex-, (E341) - 2010 Spartan Gladiator Classic LFD / Crimson aerial (-/-/103' rear-mount ladder) (Ex-, (E322) - 2002 Pierce Dash 2000 6x4 aerial (-/-/100' rear-mount ladder) (Ex-, (E320) - 2002 Pierce Dash 2000 6x4 aerial (-/-/100' rear-mount ladder) (Ex-, (E315) - 2002 Pierce Dash aerial (-/-/100' rear-mount platform) (SN#13088-02 or 01) (Ex-, (E312) - 2002 Pierce Dash 2000 aerial (-/-/100' rear-mount ladder) (SN#12838-??) The department had 33 Black paramedics, compared with 257 white and 76 Hispanic. These are positioned side by side, similar to military bars. His primary responsibilities include the efficient management of the $6.5 million operating budget, the establishment of all Departmental policies and procedures, financial and fiscal . Chicago Fire Department Organizational Chart Fire Commissioner 312-745-4200. What are we going to do to change it?. xb``a`` e Y80$ @1*/?C=6+ZT N9Mb`iD#C/f5@( There are four Bureaus within the Chicago Fire Department: Operations, Administrative Services, Logistics and Fire Prevention. Isolation. Yes, technically, they If there is no-one between the chief and the battalion chief, While studying and working full time, she obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Chicago State University, and later obtained a Masters in Public Administration in Fire and Emergency Services from Anna Maria College. Unit (5-2-5), 3 Jump Bag/Trash Pump Units (5-6-1/5-6-3/5-6-5), 3 Fireground Rehabilitation (Rehab.) Where I work, the stars are stitched Alpha-numeric shop numbers are in brackets. These were Armando L. Sanchez TNS/Chicago Tribune/TNS, President Biden to Headline IAFF Legislative Conference, Blackline Safety Announces Key Promotions and Leadership Changes, Bryant's Widow Reaches $28.5M Settlement over Leaked Crash Photos, Idea of Training Cops as Firefighters Drawing Ire from MA Union, claims of rampant racial bias and ill treatment within the department, according to the Los Angeles Times, Chicagocreated Engine 21, the citys first Black fire company, International Association of Fire Fighters - IAFF. Menu; View All Blackinton products; Gift Certificate; Badges - View All . . 0000008650 00000 n However, this does not impact our reviews and comparisons. Large fireboxes with cables and keys would send out coded messages to He once told reporters the reason why there were so few Black firefighters was because They dont like heat and smoke. In another interview, Quinn said: We have never had any discrimination in theChicago Fire Department. competitions with other departments. City of Chicago, Illinois, United States Chicago ended 2020 with 22 fire deaths, a 50% reduction from 2019. During his career, McCann turned over an infamous video of a 1990 party at aWoodlawnfirehouse that captured a group of white firefighters making ethnic slurs, drinking beer and exposing themselves. In the ensuing decades, federal oversight of the department forced hiring for Black, Brown and female recruits through quota systems, inflaming divisions within the department. makeshift weapon in times of conflict. Bendover or four-in-hand knot. Relocation of Office of Fire Investigation (OFI) Headquarters. a major fire. To this day, the Chicago Fire Department ranks its fires as "2-11," "3-11," "4-11," and so on, instead of the more familiar multi-alarm ratings. Lets talk about change. The fix has always been in for these city jobs to go to white communities:Mount Greenwood,Jefferson Park, all of these communities up around OHare airport and on the Southwest Side. McCann said. Building still stands. Fire Engineering. In time, that symbol of superiority would go to be used on The CFD's Air Sea Rescue Heliport is located at 3954 E. Foreman Dr. That said, he's dedicated to Firehouse 51 no matter the other opportunities that come his way. Stations would train operators to give and receive the You see, firefighters dont historically have any need for a instructions enroute to an incident and to make sure that all units are on the stations to alert them about fires and call for assistance. (26) Chicago Fire Department Company Quarters Locations 1244 N. Wells St. (Old Town) 1653 W. 43rd St. MIDWEST FIREHOUSE'S & APPARATUS PHOTO's on MidwestFireDepts.SmugMug.com KSC711SMUGMUG.com - Fire Department Photos CLICK on above image to link to the City Of Chicago - Chicago Fire Department Homepage ChicagoFD2 on trumpet would be highly impractical these days, so it is nice to have one Not only does everyone on scene need their initial The Chicago Fire Department (CFD) provides fire suppression, rescue services, Hazardous Materials Response services and emergency medical response services to the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States, under the jurisdiction of the Mayor of Chicago.The Chicago Fire Department is the second largest municipal fire department in the United States after the New York City Fire Department (FDNY). Fire suppression members for their act of outstanding bravery or heroism, while demonstrating personal courage, above and beyond the call of duty. You may see some of these items in cases A captain has two bugles side by side like gold bars. essential in the fire when it is too noisy. Philadelphia's current average fire response time is 6 minutes and 44 seconds. The Bureau of Logistics is commanded by a Deputy Fire Commissioner. FirefighterNOW.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. 0000004077 00000 n Administration is commanded by a Deputy Commissioner. instructions, but they all also need to be able to talk to each other during Unit (5-3-1), 1 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) The KVFD helot colors signify the following: White - Chief Officers (Fire Chief, Deputy Chief and District Chiefs) Red - Company Senior Captain and Captain Officers. There is a very rough average nationally that places a firefighter's salary at around $40,000 per year, with lieutenants earning around $55,000, captains $60,000 and fire chiefs $70,000. Chicago Fire Department TRUCK 51 LONG SLEEVE T-Shirt $29.75 - $31.75 Chicago Fire Department Duty YOUTH T-shirt MSRP: $25.99 $24.19 Chicago BACKDRAFT T-Shirt (Limited Edition) $24.19 - $26.19 giving instructions on how to deal with the situation at hand. Think JEMS. Though three African Americans have led theFire Department, including current CommissionerAnnette Nance-Holt, the departments first Black woman leader, the upper ranks are still mostly male and white. EPoliceSupply.com 766 Falmouth Road Suite B10 Mashpee, MA 02649. For this infraction, there was a $5.00 fine. (Ex-, (E310) - 2002 Pierce Dash 2000 aerial (-/-/100' rear-mount ladder) (SN#12838-??) your uniform once you become a fully qualified firefighter, then youre out of The strict hierarchy of the fire service, with all its different ranks, means that firefighters on each level can showcase their position with their own badge or insignia on their uniform. bugle and your potential for wearing them, you have to admit that the history But, that doesnt have quite the same impact and grandeur, firefighter follows the orders of their lieutenant and makes sure to follow all and signal in distress. Badge Cut Guides The significance of the trumpet evolved with time and there The 4th Fire District is commanded by a District Chief (2-1-24). Here is an outline of the firefighter ranks in order: Probationary firefighter Firefighter Driver engineer Lieutenant Captain Battalion chief Assistant chief Fire chief Organizational divisions. It is designed to not only teach lifesaving skills but also introduce applicants to the sense of shared purpose and camaraderie of a firehouse. This big jump in pay, along with other financial benefits is a big incentive for firefighters to try . CHICAGO (CBS) -- In a shakeup within the Chicago Fire Department, three high-ranking officials are asking to be demoted. The Bureau of Operations commands the following Divisions: Fire Suppression & Rescue, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Special Operations Command, and the Office of Fire Investigation (OFI). Members who have caused a substantial savings in manpower or operational costs and has gone beyond the requirements of their normal assignment to contribute to a more effective and efficient fire department. https://www.linkedin.com/company/firehouse-magazine. onto the sleeve of your class A uniform and each star indicates 5 years of Ive had many white officers, good friends, who spoke of how they got inspired by the neighborhood firehouse being able to visit, to come in and see things, Strong said. you would need to be promoted further to earn that badge. They should point straight down. The Quinn Fire Academy of the Chicago Fire Department is located at 558 W. De Koven St. Battalion Chiefs, Captains, Lieutenants, Engineers, Paramedic Field Chiefs, and Ambulance Commanders are by examination. Casey puts his life on the line and digs deeper into the shady dealings of Jack Nesbitt. Add to Wishlist. Change in Rank Title - The rank of "Commissioner" was abolished and became known as . The Bureau of Operations commands the following Divisions: Fire Suppression & Rescue, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Special Operations Command, and the Office of Fire Investigation (OFI). Her speaking voice is soft, but commanding, as one would expect of a woman who served as a deputy district chief, a fire marshal and the commander of the fire academy before her retirement last November. CHICAGO POLICE LEADERSHIP AWARD RIBBON. We have been given a sacred trust to provide the very best level of service to the citizens of Los Santos County, Los Santos and Los Santos State by answering 9-1-1 and non-emergency calls in a . But through Feb. 25 of this year, there already have been 13 fire fatalities. The organization bought the two South Side firehouses and has a refurbished fire engine called Engine 21 after the citys first Black company. The assistant sheriff or under-sheriff is the next in line of police ranks in the department, followed by division chief, captain, lieutenant, sergeant, corporal and deputy. were two different types created. Applied Panel . Not every city used the same codes. available back in the 1800s. Author: Owner major incident. 'Chicago Fire' | Parrish Lewis/NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Images Fans can find Engine 18 at 1360 South. Fourteen of the fire department's 61 exempt-rank jobs 23 percent are vacant. have to do with the bugles on firefighter badges? The CFD protects a population of approximately 2.7 million residents over an area of 234 square miles. Im also a columnist for FireRescue1. Built 1936, disbanded 11/16/1971 (T46) and 1980 (E67). Used as Truck 81 in Season 3 Episode 3 of NBC's Chicago Fire. The Chicago Fire Department is the second largest municipal fire department in the United States and one of the largest in North America. In cities such asChicago,New YorkandBoston, Black progress on fire departments was often met with outright hostility,Wayne State UniversityprofessorDavid Goldbergwrote in his book Black Firefighters and theFDNY: The Struggle for Jobs, Justice and Equity in New York City, which made comparisons among racially segregated departments. apply, you may be interested to know what the different badges mean. Commander: Office of the 1st Deputy Fire Commissioner - Staff Assistant. This means we may receive commissions when you click our links and make purchases. Mayor Lori Lightfoot has nominated Annette Nance-Holt to serve as the first Black woman to run the Chicago Fire Department. 6-3-7 (Quick Attack Unit) the bugle, still uses that name and awards them on promotion right through the Contributed through public service to the community and created a favorable impression on the department. Temporary quarters, relocated to current station with Engine 62. Add to Wishlist. The four Bureaus are commanded by the 1st Deputy Commissioner, who in turn reports to the Commissioner. Or, chiefs may decide that lower ranks get bugles and The Fire Chief is the final authority on all Fire Department issues. (Ex-, (G532) - 2003 Sterling / Medic Master (Ex-, (G497) - 1992 Oshkosh T12 crash tender (1800/3000/410F). Each rank has its own badge with "People are home more due to the pandemic. FDIC International. Wildfire. day-to-day work with the service. Add to Wishlist. 3.5.5.1 Engine Co. 46 (South Chicago) - 3027 East 93rd Street 3.5.5.2 Engine Co. 72 (Avalon Park) - 7974 South Chicago Ave 3.5.5.3 Engine Co. 82 (Burnside) - 817 East 91st Street 3.5.5.4 Engine Co. 126 (South Shore) - 7313 South Kingston Avenue 3.5.6 24th Battalion 3.5.6.1 Engine Co. 74 (East Side) - 10615 South Ewing Avenue . The Bureau of Administrative Services commands the following Divisions: Personnel, Training, the Photo Unit, and the Employee Assistance Program. same page. xref With members of truck and squad at odds over Rice actions in the field, Chief Boden is left to figure out how to create unity in a divided house, while Severide comes to question his own judgment. Holy Family Church and St. Ignatius Prep. She is responsible for the day-to-day operational and administrative oversight of the countrys second largest fire department. A new Fire Academy is planned at 4301 West Chicago Avenue. on your uniform. Two (2) inch maximum width. [8], The Bureau of Operations is one of four Bureaus within the organization of the Chicago Fire Department. Low numbers arent unique toChicago; the federal government has investigated fire departments inNew York,Baltimore,PhiladelphiaandFlorida, according to published reports. McCann, who joined the department in 1977 in a wave of court-ordered hires that boosted Black firefighter totals by 250, accuses the department and the city of dragging its feet when it comes to hiring Black firefighters and giving preference to white applicants living in white cop and firefighter neighborhoods on the edges of the city.
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