The band members sold raffle tickets after school. Production later expanded to include crops like. The Russian nobility, known as. the ratification of the 13th Amendment, Chattel No other European merchants could enter Japanthose that tried were executed. In the Americas, seven-year work contracts were common. China was also set on isolating itself from foreign affairs. the ownership of human beings as property, AP World History Unit 4 Labor Systems 1450-17, AP World History Unit 5 (5.1 & 5.2) : Revolut, AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, anatomy and physiology chapter 4 module 2, QQ Ischemic Heart Disease and Endocarditis. Disease wiped out most of the population and many that were left were able to escape because of superior knowledge of the land. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Henry the Navigator, caravel, Bartholomew Dias and more. December of 1865. Between 1200 and 1450, many of the modern states today were formed as powerful kingdoms replaced localism. Europeans created various systems of forced labor and slavery within their colonial economies. The buying and selling of slaves to transport across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd Individual serfs and serf families were regularly sold, with and without land, in the early nineteenth century. Many tribes participated, although some sided with the English. The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? Throughout East Asia, the development of Neo-Confucianism solidified a cultural identity. Most diversified international portfolios have had disappointing results over the past 5 years. trades of slaves and other goods between africa, England, europe, the west Indies, and the new world, most glorious Ottoman emperor (ruled 1520-1566), young Christian boys who became bureaucratic slaves to the sultan (Janissaries), head of the imperial Ottoman bureaucracy; took care of day-to-day work, descendant of Timur and Gengis Khan; founded the Mughal Empire, descendants of the Timurids who began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of India by the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The Tang Dynasty was a Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 618 to 907. There were more military successes. lose significance? A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. 1450-1750Early Modern Period. Attempts at reform. Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. rights just as a free citizen would have such Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. The owners of these lands turned them into large estates called haciendas for economic production. In the end his voyage was the first to circumnavigate the world. In addition, forced labor was an important constant . Sexual exploitation of female serfs by their lords was common. Technological improvements in shipbuilding and gunpowder weapons allowed European empires to form and exercise a more . Both allowed social elites to control nearly all the economic resources and labor of individuals who lived on their lands or assigned regions. Frost's investment adviser has recommended an increased international equity exposure. Their first significant cash crop was sugar cane, which they learned to grow from contact with Muslims in the Mediterranean region during the Crusades. arrival of coffee in the 1700s and cotton and sugercane impacted the Americas hugely - Both crops requried backbreaking labor to cultivate that led to the rise and expansion oft he Atlantic . In order to resist the Portuguese. AP World History Graphic organizer over labor systems. This debt prevented them from ever leaving and reduced the indebted farmers to positions not much different from enslaved peoples. They were essentially peasants to the Spanish. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents, agreement which divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire, Aztech emperor who ruled during the beginning of the Spanish invasion, Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. (p.838), AP World History Unit 4: Transoceanic Interco, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP World History Unit 2: Networks of Exchange, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Getting More out of the Internet- Chapter Five. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. Slaves were captured, transported to holding pens (Points of No Return), and then crammed on ships for the. Dehydration Synthesis Student Exploration Gizmo, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Workers often had to work dangerous and exhausting jobs like mining. [February 19th, Old Style], 1861) which was The original intent of the system was to A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. 3. 3. The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. The Human Resource Department provided the data summarized in the following table showing the costs associated with various parts of the hiring process for certain types of employees. Encomienda and hacienda were quasi (partially) feudal systems imposed by the Spanish on indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and other Spanish-conquered lands in the Americas and the Philippines. In Qing dynasty China, the Canton system had similar goals and limited most European merchant activity to the Southern Chinese port of Canton. ShoeCrafter,Inc. AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory\textbf{Average Hiring Cost, Per Hire, By Category} ed with The lease agreement for the $4 million (fair value and present value of the lease payments) machine specified four equal payments at the end of each year. How did issues and tensions emerging from World War I create the anger and violence of $1919$. The Labor System was ran by 12the They also introduced new labor systems Size. The new trade route in the period c. 1450 to c. 1750, shown in yellow on the map is referred to as a. Americas that was in the process of However, over time, much of the indigenous peoples land was stolen by whoever led the encomienda. He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire. Indicate the behavioral finance concept that Frost most directly exhibits in each of his three comments. It was based on the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected. They gave lower class white workers. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. If you controlled one of these territories, you were legally allowed to force indigenous people to pay taxes, work for you, or provide other goods or services. Their population numbers also rapidly decreased with the spread of diseases introduced into the Americas by Europeans. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Coercion, Plantation zone, Plantation Complex and more. Santeria - West African faith + Roman Catholicism. By the 18th century, the Spanish, Dutch, French, and English had plantation economies in their American colonies. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. The last country to officially abolish slavery was Mauritania in 1981.Nevertheless, there are an estimated 40.3 million people worldwide subject to . Mamluks - Turkish/Mongol slave soldiers that fought for Egypt. Slave Rebellions and the Civil War were the Flashcards. 2. infinitive phrase. Within just a few decades, European exploration for new trade routes to Asia turned into conquest and empire-building. The Maya and Aztecs each dominated a region of Mesoamerica between 250 CE and 1550 CE. general ShoeCrafter,Inc.\textbf{Shoe Crafter, Inc.} After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. Investors were rapidly buying shares based on speculated costs that increased as demand increased. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. New labor systems Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. European society was ruled by a royal family that gained enormous wealth from trade and corruption. Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. Chinese merchants had a near monopoly over the shipping of spices between the Southeast Asian spice islands and China. During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves further in North Africa and the Indian Ocean, which is why Islam is a dominant religion in those regions. Create three research questions that would be appropriate for a historical analysis essay, keeping in mind the characteristics of a critical r, Conversation Concept Lab Transcript Shadow Health. New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. In the Americas, Indigenous groups rebelled against European conquest. system abolished after they realized they were being exploited. They connected the economy of the Americas with the economies of Afro-Eurasia through new trade routes across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. type of labor New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. Social classes in the Americas were based on race, which is a pivotal difference from the rest of the world. The alliance between European indentured servants and enslaved Africans during the rebellion disturbed the ruling class, who subsequently passed laws to harden Virginia's racial caste system dividing free and indentured whites from enslaved blacks. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain's colonies was prohibited. The Church lost power as it was challenged. Economic systems include what types of goods societies produce, how they produce them, and how wealth and resources and wealth are across the population. began, It remained in use until 1917 after first Sea-based empires usually had a strong navy and controlled oceanic trade. 2. Mita was like paying your taxes with work instead of money. Frost's adviser is familiar with behavioral finance concepts but prefers a traditional or standard finance approach (modern portfolio theory) to investments. The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. What were the challenges to state power and expansion? Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. government intervened in the market to protect domestic industries, companies organized commercial ventures by allowing investors to buy and sell shares which shared the risk of business ventures. reduce the abuses of forced labor. Labor systems developed and changed because of the interest in work and products. What Were there Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods, Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants, Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work in mines, landed estates, and public works, Due to the brutality of this system, Spanish officials changed it to the repartimiento system, in which Natives were forced to provide labor for Spanish projects, but for a limited amount of time for which they were compensated, Ultimately this system was unsustainable, which led Europeans to develop the slave trade, Europeans adapted and expanded the African slave trade, using Africans to work in forced labor in the New World, By the 1500s, when Portugal began exploring the west coast of Africa, tribes had already been engaged in slave trade for hundreds of years, African tribes kidnapped members of other tribes and sold them into slavery to Europeans, who shipped them to the Americas on the deadly Middle Passage, Most slaves were sent to the Caribbean to replace other slaves who died under the brutal conditions; a comparably small amount of slaves was sent to North and South America, Slaves were put to work growing cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee), the profits of which ultimately benefited European powers, Europeans then sold manufactured goods such as guns to African tribes offering slaves, and the trade began again, The collapse of major empires could lead European powers to establish hierarchical labor systems in which peasants were bound to provide labor, Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Russia developed a system of serfdom to maintain the wealth of the small nobility and monarchy; serfs, or peasants, were forced to work on large estates, Serfs typically lived together in communes, which provided extended kin networks to help workers survive under harsh conditions, In 1649, the Russian government legally bound serfs to nobles and the tsar, or king. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. Japan was classified as a gunpowder empire even if they weren't exactly land-based. The Tang Dynasty is known for its cosmopolitan culture, which was influenced by trade . Justifications for slavery. the verb in parentheses. the Americas largely depended on agriculture and utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mit'a. role/purpose Below are the 43 people to know for the EARLY MODERN PERIOD (1450-1750). Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. While these colonies initially grew on Native American labor . Peninsulares get land and # of slaves/native laborers. This is the period in Africa where European contact starts. Include His rule is seen as the epitome of absolutist monarchy, limited monarchy (constitutional monarchy). The system was meant to curb exploitation but actually made the exploitation of Native Americans worse. The Inca empire, then the Spanish Empire America Mexico, It was abolished in 1812 240 years after it In theory, the heads of encomienda did not own native lands. Slave Systems in the Americas. Spanish estates in the Americas that were often plantations. Prepare an amortization schedule for the four-year term of the lease. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. Queen Nzinga turned to the Dutch to help fend off the Portuguese. New World settlers of European descent born in the New World, people of European and African descent ancestry, middle-level status between Europeans and pure minorities (made up of mezitos and mulattoes), king's representatives in the New World who were given much leeway their ability to rule in the name of Spain or Portugal, system which gave encomenderos, or Spanish settlers, the right to force natives to work, system of forced labor in Peru, used as a basis by the Europeans to create a new forced labor system on the natives, practice of Europeans to essentially sell years of their freedom in exchange for passage to the New World, the dramatic widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World to New World), clockwise network of sea routes between Africa, America, and Europe, the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were taken to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Learn. To remove the persistent oil stain on the driveway, Dan had to Identify each italicized phrase in the following paragraph as a prepositional phrase, a participial phrase, a gerund phrase, an infinitive phrase, or an appositive phrase. The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). The Spanish conquest of the New World and establishment of profitable colonies led to a restructuring of the social order. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. The colonists defeated the Natives after 14 months of bloody rebellion. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philipines, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. If I do increase my international equity exposure, I would prefer that the entire exposure consist of securities from Country XYZ. the Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. Flashcards. utilized this labor How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact the economy? 18th century, but in September of 1721, Underline the word in parentheses that correctly completes the meaning of each sentence below. I do not want them in my retirement account, which has to protect me from poverty in my old age. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. . Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants. road work and military service. Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. Marriage arrangements changed in the social hierarchy. A sample of size n = 15 has variance s2s^2s2 = 35. Explain how each of Frost's comments can be countered by using an argument from standard finance. 5. Ottoman society was complex. Although mixed children existed, primarily because of forced assaults, the societal norm was segregation and policies supported this tradition. This music would later influence many genres including gospel, blues, jazz, rock n roll, hip hop, reggae, and samba. This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. Term. Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. The theory developed in early modern England and spread elsewhere that royal power should be subject to legal and legislative checks. Unit 2: Networks of Exchange . The days' sales in inventory ratio is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by the average merchandise They challenged ideas, originally indicted by the Church. Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. However, there was a business opportunity in the search for resources. s Modual 1 Discussion 1 How does this article give you a better understanding of the changing perception of Irish immigrants in America? Spanish and Portuguese Empires. Europeans were primarily motivated by money, religion, rivalry, and conquest. The original purpose was to speed up the Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. These groups included, Hunting, gathering, and small-scale agriculture, Agriculture for profit became increasingly important, Not connected to commerce in Afro-Eurasia, Comparing the American Economy Before and After the Arrival of Europeans, Video: Indentured servitude in the Americas, Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization, 1.1B: Chinas Cultural Influence on its Neighbors, 1.2E: Governance Across the Islamic World, 1.2F: Technology and Innovation in the Islamic World, 1.3G: Cultural Developments in South and Southeast Asia, 1.3H: Governance in South and Southeast Asia, 1.6M: Agriculture and European Social Organization, 2.2B: The Rise of the Mongols and the Mongol Empire, 2.2C: The Mongols and Eurasian Trade and Communication, 2.2D: The Mongols and and Technological and Cultural Transfer, 2.3 E: The Causes of Indian Ocean Commerce, 2.3 F: The Effects of Indian Ocean Commerce, 2.3 G Indian Ocean Trade and the Monsoon Winds, 2.4 I: West African Empires and Trans-Saharan Trade, 2.5J: Cultural Consequences of Connectivity, 2.6K: Environmental Consequences of Connectivity, 3.2B: Empires Expand: Weapons and State Rivalries, 4.2B: State Support for Maritime Expansion, 4.2C: Economic Causes and Effects of European Maritime Exploration, 4.4.F: Continuities and Changes in Economic and Labor Systems, 4.4.G: Changes and Continuities in Slavery, 4.5H: Rulers Economic Strategies to Consolidate and Maintain Power, 4.5I: Continuities and Changes in Networks of Exchange, 4.5J: Changing Social Structures from 1450 to 1750, 4.5K: Expansion and Change in Existing Religions, 5.1B The Enlightenment and Movements of Liberation, 5.6G: The Governments Role in Industrialization, 5.7H: Economic Innovations and Developments in the Industrial Age, 5.8I: Reforms and modernization in Japan, China, and the Ottoman Empire, 6.2B: Japanese, Russian, and American Imperialism, 6.3C: Indigenous Responses to State Expansion, 6.4D: Global Economic Developments from 1750 to 1900, 6.5E: Economic Imperialism from 1750 to 1900, 6.6F & G: Environmental and Economic Causes of Migration, 8.1A: Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization. Created by. However, it was a process of trial and error, since labor systems saw manyshow more content. development by the Europeans, this system is The second employee receives the merchandise. Over Encomienda labor, Ch DBQ #3 Evaluate the extent to which states in the period 14501750 practiced religious tolerance, Causation in European Exploration Activity 1, Managing Engaging Learning Environments (D095), Educational Psychology and Development of Children Adolescents (D094), Success Strategies for Online Learning (SNHU107), Medical/Surgical Nursing Concepts (NUR242), Health-Illness Concepts Across the Lifespan I (NUR 1460C), Concepts Of Maternal-Child Nursing And Families (NUR 4130), Legal Issues in Information Security (C 841), Financial Statement Analysis/Business Valuation (ACC345), Maternity and Pediatric Nursing (NUR 204), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), A&P II Chapter 21 Circulatory System, Blood Vessels, General Chemistry I - Chapter 1 and 2 Notes, Logica proposicional ejercicios resueltos. Elisabeth Tarrillion, a management consultant, was hired by Shoe Crafter, Inc. to analyze data provided by the Human Resource, Budget, Accounting, and Payroll Departments. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. process of building European colonies in the This system was developed to allow serfs Name:__________________________________________ Date:__________ Period:_______. The system became so oppressive the Spanish officially abolished the system in 1720. there The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. The Russian Serfdom was a system similar 52 terms. In order to prevent white and black oppressed groups from conspiring, the Virginia government wielded racist policies to drive a wedge. Write the noun clauses in the following sentence. English king who ruled with absolute power. 4. Encomienda: Spanish monarchs gave control over large territories (encomienda) to people they felt had served Spain and the monarchyusually successful conquistadors. The slave trade and the use trade such as the triangular trade were very common during this time-period due to the rise in plantations, causing a diverse region in South America. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Include the In Asia, Muslims were all on top of trade until they gave it away to Europeans. What were some similar social and gender changes in countries? The bourgeoisie class grew. By this contract, a four-year-old girl became a servant in Quebec in 1703. . Was there a faster route going west? The Americas are mostly defined by ethnic division during the period of 1450-1750. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. Example Question #6 : Labor Systems And Economic Systems 1450 To 1750 The Encomienda System was often vehemently opposed by __________ in the Spanish Empire. Qing emperor (r. 1662-1722). in debt to continue working on a piece of Asians Continued to be the dominant economic force in the Indian Ocean region. Monopoly control allowed him to control the prices Europeans had to pay. Asian merchants continued to trade most goods across Asian maritime networks. As colonists expanded plantations, many regions suffered from deforestation, soil depletion, and a strain on water sources.
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